Praca składa się z sześciu rozdziałów. W rozdziale pierwszym opisuję genezę dyskusji na temat miejsca chłopów w strukturze społecznej i warunków, na jakich miała się odbywać praca nad podniesieniem ich świadomości cywilizacyjnej, społecznej, kulturowej i narodowej. Rozdziały II, III, IV poświęcam prezentacji poglądów ziemian, Kościoła katolickiego oraz środowiska skupionego wokół "Roli" na oświatę ludową i czytelnictwo. W rozdziale V prezentuję stanowisko pozytywistów, natomiast rozdział VI jest poświęcony analizie poglądów reprezentowanych przez obóz narodowy....
Mikocki, Tomasz(Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2006)
The present article is a report on two seasons of excavations conducted by archaeologists of the Warsaw University, under the terms of the "License for Archaeological Excavations" issued on 22.07.2001. The 2004 and 2005 year missions were a continuation of excavations conducted in December 2001, April-May 2002 and October 2003. Works were carried out in four different spheres: 1. archaeological excavations; 2. conservation works; 3. geodetic measurements within the walls of the city; 4. geophysical investigations of one of the city's insulas (only in 2005)....
Modrzewska-Pianetti, Iwona(Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2006)
Researches on the history of Venetian Lagoon have a lot of aspects: geological, topographical, archaeological. Combining the results allows us to connect the areas of the Lagoon with territory of the Upper Adriatic. The main role in progress of these contacts have the rivers of the Upper Adriatic. Territory of the roman city "Altinum" had the great part because of the connect with the Adriatic See, Luany from the river Sile, ancient "Silis". Article is showing the most important aspects of material discovers connected the Venetian Lagoon with the nearest roman cities, "Altinum"....
The article outlines the achievements of the Polish historiography concerning the Nordic region, from the inter-war period to the present times. The problems dealt with are included in the two main trends of the Polish historical research concerning Scandinavian questions: the topics of Polish-Nordic relations of any kind, and the topics of the history of Scandinavia itself and of the Nordic region. The third trend, much weaker than the two others, comprises the comparative studies concerning the social history, the history of states and cultures. Still another trend, the edition of sources to the history of the Nordic region, is hardly to be found in Polish historiography.The article is also areview of the main centres of Scandinavian studies in Poland, both individual scholars, single historians functioning at departments of history at universi-ties, and institutional centres of Polish Scandinavian Studies, especially the ones which carry out research into the whole region in an interdisciplinary approach: into languages, literature, culture, politics, economy and history. Some emphasis has been put on the weaknesses of the Polish research concerning the Nordic region, especially the ones re-sulting from the inability to use original archival materials and sources....
This paper is the first attempt to summarize the state of research into the armament of the Bogaczewo and Sudovian cultures. Swords ended up with a higher than expected position. While shaft-hole axes and socketed axes played an important part, the military role of the so-called ‘fighting knives’ of the Roman period was rejected, with the exception of Dolchmesser, which were recognized as true weapons. Polearms and shields were used the most frequently. The latter, although fitting into the Central European pattern, had local traits. The bow was recognized as hunting equipment. And horses had a rather auxiliary character. Items with a Balt character that were discovered, for example, at Vimose Bog 1 and 2a and the sacrificial sites at Balsmyr, Sorte Muld, Kragehul, Skedemosse, and Uppåkra seem to prove that Balts participated in Scandinavian conflicts, which led to an exchange of ideas about such things as tactics and weapons....