The article presents the phenomenon of affiliating the foraging groups (Danites, Idumaeans) to the virtual Israel, by the Jewish elites (Biblical authors, Josephus Flavius), as well as excluding others from it (in Ezra and Deut. 7:1-8). These processes are discussed in the light of pragmatic actions undertaken by the Judean elites. The conclusions drawn from the presentation point to the fact that religious aspects–present in the inclusion and exclusion accounts–are used merely superficially, because the real reasons based on political calculations. The article highlights also the hypothesis, according to which the discussed phenomenon of readiness to exclude and include certain groups from and in Israel proves to the lack of fixed, and unchangeable limits of such group as Israel. The
very sense of Israel, and its limits, was treated dynamically, and was subject to changes, depending to the political circumstances....
Masowa emigracja zarobkowa z ziem polskich przed 1914 r. wywołała żywe dyskusje. Wzbudziła obawy o przyszłość narodu. Winę za spowodowanie tego zjawiska i jego narastanie przypisano m.in. agentom emigracyjnym, czyli pośrednikom sprzedającym bilety na okręty do Ameryki. Wiele przestępstw i nadużyć, które były nagłaśniane w prasie, potwierdzały ten stereotyp. W niniejszej pracy został on poddany analizie i zestawiony z opiniami samych emigrantów. W pracy podjęto również próbę rekonstrukcji i opisu kontekstu społecznego, struktur, zależności i metod działania składających się na pracę agentów emigracyjnych. Zarysowano także problem znaczenia działalności agentów dla emigracji w poszczególnych jej fazach w porównaniu z tym, jaką rolę odgrywały inne czynniki....
Synteza historii Danii w XX i początku XXI w. W rozdziale I skrót dziejów Danii w XVIII i XIX w. Synteza uwzględnia najważniejsze wydarzenia historii Danii w XX wieku, z naciskiem na historię społeczną i rozwój duńskiego modelu państwa dobrobytu....
The biblical passage concerning the siege of Jerusalem by David (2 Sam. 5:6-10), has drawn scholarly attention numerous times over the years. The formula of exclusion of the blind and lame from the Hebrew cult, which became popular in biblical literature, made this story particularly attractive. Despite the volumes of commentaries devoted to this passage there still remain alternative explanations and interpretations of the phrase that have not been sufficiently explored. To whit, it is possible that the passage contains words the original meaning of which have been forgotten. This article aims to explore the possibility of re-interpreting the saying about blind and lame in Jerusalem and its role, anew....
Social studies and anthropology, based on ethnographical research, take for granted the role of large populous groups in defining ethnicity. Self-definitions of the group, as well as definition by others, are interpreted as the central issues regarding large groups. The paper aims to argue for the key-role of elite groups in self-identification and ethnic creation. Small groups of elite, by defining their own “ethnicity” decided it for larger groups. This hypothesis will be tested and illustrated by test cases of ethnogenesis in Iron Age Palestine....